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Researchers have produced a nanoscale device that can sense magnetic fields more than 100 times weaker than current techniques allow. If applied to hard disks this could increase storage by a factor of up to 1,000, turning today's 200-gigabyte disks into 200-terabyte devices.
The new system uses an effect called ballistic magnetoresistance, works well at room temperature and would be easy to integrate with current disk drive manufacturing.
The sensors are made from nanometer-sized nickel whiskers strung between two much larger nickel electrodes. The whiskers are so fine that electrons have to travel in a straight 'ballistic' line across them, as opposed to the normal staggering that goes on in thicker conductors.
Due to this restriction, even small magnetic fields have a large effect on the ease with which the electrons move. This effect has been known for some time, but now a way has been invented to efficiently and repeatedly produce devices with known parameters.
The same technique may also be useful in medicine by detecting the unique magnetic signature of biological molecules in solution.
A disk drive stores bits on its surface as a pattern of magnetic fields. As the bits get smaller, the storage density per square centimeter gets higher, but the strength of each individual magnetic field gets weaker. The ability of existing sensors to reliably read weak fields is one of the major limiting factors in making larger hard disks, although density has been doubling each year since 1997.
At this rate, the one-petabyte (1-million-gigabyte) disk will arrive shortly before 2010. Comparatively, the world disk drive production in 1995 totaled 20 petabytes.
ZDNet February 4, 2003
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