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Health Benefits of CLA

References on Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
(Page 2)

Added 07/2010

Aryaeian N, Shahram F, Djalali M, Eshragian MR, Djazayeri A, Sarrafnejad A, Salimzadeh A, Naderi N, Maryam C. Effect of conjugated linoleic acids, vitamin E and their combination on the clinical outcome of Iranian adults with active rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2009 Apr;12(1):20-8.

Beef Lipids in Perspective. 2007. Beef Facts, Human Nutrition Research, funded by The Beef Checkoff

Beppu F, Hosokawa M, Tanaka L, Kohno H, Tanaka T, Miyashita K. Potent inhibitory effect of trans9, trans11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid on the growth of human colon cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2006 Dec;17(12):830-6.

Bhattacharya, A., J. Banu, M. Rahman, J. Causey, and G. Fernandes. 2006. Biological effects of linoleic acids in health and disease. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 17:789-810

Bhattacharya A, Rahman MM, Sun D, Lawrence R, Mejia W, McCarter R, O'Shea M, Fernandes G. The combination of dietary conjugated linoleic acid and treadmill exercise lowers gain in body fat mass and enhances lean body mass in high fat-fed male Balb/C mice. J Nutr. 2005 May;135(5):1124-30.

Choi JS, Koh IU, Jung MH, Song J. Effects of three different conjugated linoleic acid preparations on insulin signalling, fat oxidation and mitochondrial function in rats fed a high-fat diet. Br J Nutr. 2007 Aug;98(2):264-75.

Colakoglu S, Colakoglu M, Taneli F, Cetinoz F, Turkmen M. Cumulative effects of conjugated linoleic acid and exercise on endurance development, body composition, serum leptin and insulin levels. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2006 Dec;46(4):570-7.

Daley, et. al. A review of fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content in grass-fed and grain-fed beef. Nutrition Journal 2010, 9:10

Descalzo, A.M., E.M. Insani, A. Biolatto, A.M. Sancho, P.T. Garcia, N.A. Pensel, and J.A. Josifovich. 2005. Influence of pasture or grain-based diets supplemented with vitaminE on antioxidant/oxidative balance of Argentine beef. Journal of Meat Science 70:35-44

Duckett et al. Effects of winter stocker growth rate and finishing system on: III. Tissue proximate, fatty acid, vitamin and cholesterol content. J. Anim Sci..2009; 87: 2961-2970

Faucitano L, Chouinard PY, Fortin J, Mandell IB, Lafrenière C, Girard CL, Berthiaume R. Comparison of alternative beef production systems based on forage finishing or grain-forage diets with or without growth promotants: 2. Meat quality, fatty acid composition, and overall palatability. Anim Sci. 2008 Jul;86(7):1678-89. Epub 2008 Mar 28.PMID: 18375659

French, P., E.G. O'Riordan, F.J. Monahan, P.F. Caffrey, and A.P. Moloney. 2003. Fatty acid composition of intra-muscular triacylglycerols of steers fed utumn grass and concentrates. Livestock Production Science. 81:307-317

Gaullier JM, Halse J, Høye K, Kristiansen K, Fagertun H, Vik H, Gudmundsen O. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;79(6):1118-25.

Hubbard NE, Lim D, Erickson KL. Effect of separate conjugated linoleic acid isomers on murine mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Lett. 2003 Feb 10;190(1):13-9.

Kelley NS, Hubbard NE, Erickson KL. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers and cancer. J Nutr. 2007 Dec;137(12):2599-607.

Leheska, J.M., et. al. Effects of conventional and grass-feeding systems on the nutrient composition of beef. Journal of animal science. 2008 Dec., v. 86, no. 12 American Society of Animal Science, p. 3575-3585.

Lorenzen, C.L., J.W. Golden, F.A. Martz, I.U. Grun, M.R. Ellersieck, J.R. Gerrish, and K.C. Moore. 2007. Conjugated linoleic acid content of beef differs by feeding regime and muscle. Journal of Meat Science 75:159-167

Medeiros, D.M., M. Hampton, K. Kurtzer, M. Parelman, E. Al-Tamimi, and J.S. Drouillard. 2007. Feeding enriched omega-3 fatty acid beef to rats increases omega-3 fatty acid content of heart and liver membranes and decreases serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and cholesterol levels. Journal of Nutrition Research 27: 295-299

Mir PS, McAllister TA, Scott S, Aalhus J, Baron V, McCartney D, Charmley E, Goonewardene L, Basarab J, Okine E, Weselake RJ, Mir Z. Conjugated linoleic acid-enriched beef production. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;79(6 Suppl):1207S-1211S.

Muchenje, V., K. Dzama, M. Chimonyo, P.E. Strydom, A. Hugo, and J.G. Raats. 2009. Some biochemical aspects pertaining to beef eating quality and consumer health: A review. Journal of Food Chemistry 112:279-289

Norris LE, Collene AL, Asp ML, Hsu JC, Liu LF, Richardson JR, Li D, Bell D, Osei K, Jackson RD, Belury MA. Comparison of dietary conjugated linoleic acid with safflower oil on body composition in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Sep;90(3):468-76.

Nuernberg, K., D. Dannenberger, G. Nuernberg, K. Ender, J. Voigt, N.D. Scollan, J.D. Wood, G.R. Nute, and R.I. Richardson. 2005. Effect of grass-based and a concentrate feeding system on meat quality characteristics and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle in different cattle breeds. Livestock Production Science 94:137-147

Parra P, Serra F, Palou A. Moderate doses of conjugated linoleic acid isomers mix contribute to lowering body fat content maintaining insulin sensitivity and a noninflammatory pattern in adipose tissue in mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Feb;21(2):107-15

Pasture for Dairy Cattle: Challenges and Opportunities. Donna M. Amaral-Phillips, Roger W. Hemken, Jimmy C. Henning, and Larry W. Turner http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/asc/asc151/asc151.htm

Ponnampalam EN, Mann, NJ, Sinclair AJ. Effect of feeding systems on omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and trans fatty acids in Australian beef cuts: potential impact on human health. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006;15(1):21-9.

Poulsona, C.S., T.R. Dhimana, A.L. Urea, D. Cornforthb, and K.C. Olsona. 2004. Conjugated linoleic acid content of beef from cattle fed diets containing high grain, CLA, or raised on forages. Journal of Livestock Production Science 91:117-128.

Razminowicz, R.H., M. Kreuzer, and M.R.L. Scheeder. 2006. Quality of retail beef from two grass-based production systems in comparison with conventional beef. Journal of Meat Science 73:351-361

Reynolds CM, Roche HM. Conjugated linoleic acid and inflammatory cell signaling. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2010 Apr-Jun;82(4-6):199-204.

Risérus U, Vessby B, Arnlöv J, Basu S. Effects of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammatory markers in obese men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;80(2):279-83.

Smedman, A., and B. Vessby. 2001. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans – metabolic effects. Journal of Nutrition 36:773-781

Smit LA, Baylin A, Campos H. Conjugated linoleic acid in adipose tissue and risk of myocardial infarction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jul;92(1):34-40.

Soel SM, Choi OS, Bang MH, Yoon Park JH, Kim WK. Influence of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on the metastasis of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. J Nutr Biochem. 2007 Oct;18(10):650-7.

Undertanding Meat Quality, Dr. Susan Ducket, Clemson University, Results from Pasture Based Beef Systems – 3 year multi State Study

Wang LS, Huang YW, Sugimoto Y, Liu S, Chang HL, Ye W, Shu S, Lin YC. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) up-regulates the estrogen-regulated cancer suppressor gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTPgama), in human breast cells. Anticancer Res. 2006 Jan-Feb;26(1A):27-34.

Added 7/23/01

Conjugated linoleic acid and atherosclerosis in rabbits Lee K.N.; Kritchevsky D.; Pariza M.W. Food Research Institute, Dept. Food Microbiology/Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1925 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA Atherosclerosis (Ireland), 1994, 108/1 (19-25)

Fritsche S, Rumsey TS, Yurawecz MP, Ku Y, Fritsche J. Influence of growth promoting implants on fatty acid composition including conjugated linoleic acid isomers in beef fat. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 212:621-629 (2001).

Kritchevsky D, Czarnecki SK. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in health and disease. Chim. Oggi (Chemistry Today) 19(6):26-28 (2001).

Lawson RE, Moss AR, Givens DI. The role of dairy products in supplying conjugated linoleic acid to man's diet: a review. Nutr. Res. Rev. 14:153-172 (2001).

Lu YP, Lou YR, Lin Y, Shih WCJ, Huang MT, Yang CS, Conney AH. Inhibitory effects of orally administered green tea, black tea, and caffeine on skin carcinogenesis in mice previously treated with ultraviolet B light (high-risk mice): Relationship to decreased tissue fat. Cancer Res. 61:5002-5009 (2001).

Roche HM, Noone E, Nugent A, Gibney MJ. Conjugated linoleic acid: a novel therapeutic nutrient Nutr. Res. Rev. 14:173-187 (2001).

Suzuki R, Noguchi R, Ota T, Abe M, Miyashita K, Kawada T. Cytotoxic effect of conjugated trienoic fatty acids on mouse tumor and human monocytic leukemia cells. Lipids 36:477-482 (2001).

Added 7/16/01

Clouet P, Demizieux L, Gresti J, Degrace P. Mitochondrial respiration on rumenic and linoleic acids. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 29(Part 2):320-325 (2001).

Devery R, Miller A, Stanton C. Conjugated linoleic acid and oxidative behaviour in cancer cells. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 29(Part 2):341-344 (2001).

Jung MO, Yoon SH, Jung MY. Effects of temperature and agitation rate on the formation of conjugated linoleic acids in soybean oil during hydrogenation process. J. Agr. Food Chem. 49:3010-3016 (2001).

Mossoba MM, Kramer JKG, Fritsche J, Yurawecz MP, Eulitz KD, Ku Y, Rader JI. Application of standard addition to eliminate conjugated linoleic acid and other interferences in the determination of total trans fatty acids in selected food products by infrared spectroscopy. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:631-634 (2001).

Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME. The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Prog. Lipid Res. 40:283-298 (2001).

Added 7/11/01

Baumgard LH, Sangster JK, Bauman DE. Milk fat synthesis in dairy cows is progressively reduced by increasing supplemental amounts of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). J. Nutr. 131:1764-1769 (2001).

Choi YJ, Park Y, Pariza MW, Ntanbi JM. Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity by the trans-10,cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid in HepG2 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 284:689-693 (2001).

Kimoto N, Hirose M, Futakuchi M, Iwata T, Kasai M, Shirai T. Site-dependent modulating effects of conjugated fatty acids from safflower oil in a rat two-stage carcinogenesis model in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cancer Lett. 168:15-21 (2001).

Rahman SM, Wang YM, Han SY, Cha JY, Fukuda N, Yotsumoto H, Yanagita T. Effects of short-term administration of conjugated linoleic acid on lipid metabolism in white and brown adipose tissues of starved/refed Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Food Res. Int. 34:515-520 (2001).

Sisk MB, Hausman DB, Martin RJ, Azain MJ. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces adiposity in lean but not obese Zucker rats. J. Nutr. 131:1668-1674 (2001).

Swan JE, Parrish FC, Wiegand BR, Larsen ST, Baas TJ, Berg EP. Total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) measurement of compositional differences in hams, loins, and bellies from conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-fed stress-genotype pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1475-1482 (2001).

2001

Adlof RO, Copes LC, Walter EL. Changes in conjugated linoleic acid composition within samples obtained from a single source. Lipids 36:315-317 (2001).

Aydin R, Pariza MW, Cook ME. Olive oil prevents the adverse effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on chick hatchability and egg quality. J. Nutr. 131:800-806 (2001).

Baer RJ, Ryali J, Schingoethe DJ, Kasperson KM, Donovan DC, Hippen AR, Franklin ST. Composition and properties of milk and butter from cows fed fish oil. J. Dairy Sci. 84:345-353 (2001).

Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas-Magarzo R, Bregendahl K, Wannemuehler MJ, Zimmerman DR. Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid in nursery pigs of dirty and clean environments on growth, empty body composition, and immune competence. J. Anim. Sci. 79:714-721 (2001).

Benito P, Nelson GJ, Kelley DS, Bartolini G, Schmidt PC, Simon V. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Lipids 36:221-227 (2001).

Benito P, Nelson GJ, Kelley DS, Bartolini G, Schmidt PC, Simon V. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on plasma lipoproteins and tissue fatty acid composition in humans. Lipids 36:229-236 (2001).

Bulgarella JA, Patton D, Bull AW. Modulation of prostaglandin H synthase activity by conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and specific CLA isomers. Lipids 36:407-412 (2001).

Chen JF, Tai CY, Chen YC, Chen BH. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on the degradation and oxidation stability of model lipids during heating and illumination. Food Chem. 72(2):199-206 (2001).

Chouinard PY, Corneau L, Butler WR, Chilliard Y, Drackley JK, Bauman DE. Effect of dietary lipid source on conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 84:680-690 (2001).

Christie, WW. A practical guide to the analysis of conjugated linoleic acid. Inform 12:147-152.

Chuang LT, Thurmond JM, Liu JW, Kirchner SJ, Mukerji P, Bray TM, Huang YS. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on fungal Delta 6-desaturase activity in a transformed yeast system. Lipids 36:139-143 (2001).

Clouet P, Demizieux L, Gresti J, Degrace P. Mitochondrial respiration on rumenic and linoleic acids. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 29(Part 2):320-325 (2001).

Devery R, Miller A, Stanton C. Conjugated linoleic acid and oxidative behaviour in cancer cells. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 29(Part 2):341-344 (2001).

Dewhurst RJ, Scollan ND, Youell SJ, Tweed JKS, Humphreys MO. Influence of species, cutting date and cutting interval on the fatty acid composition of grasses. Grass Forage Sci. 56:68-74 (2001).

Dhiman TR, MacQueen IS, Luchini ND. Milk yield response of dairy cows fed fat along with protein. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 90:169-184 (2001).

Du M, Ahn DU, Nam KC, Sell JL. Volatile profiles and lipid oxidation of irradiated cooked chicken meat from laying hens fed diets containing conjugated linoleic acid. Poultry Sci. 80:235-241 (2001).

Elias SL, Innis SM. Infant plasma trans, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids are related to maternal plasma fatty acids, length of gestation, and birth weight and length. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73:807-814 (2001).

Finnegan Y, Williams C. Low-fat balancing act. Chemistry & Industry (1):12-14 (2001).

Fritsche J, Yurawecz MP, Pawlosky R, Flanagan VP, Steinhart H, Ku Y. Spectroscopic characterization of unusual conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers. J. Separation Sci. 24:59-61 (2001).

Garcia HS, Arcos JA, Keough KJ, Hill CG. Immobilized lipase-mediated acidolysis of butteroil with conjugated linoleic acid: batch reactor and packed bed reactor studies. J. Molec. Catal. B Enzymatic 11:623-632 (Sp. Iss.) (2001).

Geay Y, Bauchart D, Hocquette JF, Culioli J. Effect of nutritional factors on biochemical, structural and metabolic characteristics of muscles in ruminants, consequences on dietetic value and sensorial qualities of meat. Reproduction Nutrition Development 41:1-26 (2001).

Gnadig S, Rickert R, Sebedio JL, Steinhart H. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): physiological effects and production. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:56-61 (2001).

Hill CG, Ghannouchi S, Garcia HS. Lipolysis of butter oil by immobilized lamb pregastric esterase: I. Uniresponse kinetics - pH and temperature Effects. J. Dairy Sci. 84:1034-1043 (2001).

Hurst WJ, Tarka SM, Dobson G, Reid CM. Determination of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations in milk chocolate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49:1264-1265 (2001).

Igarashi M, Miyazawa T. The growth inhibitory effect of conjugated linoleic acid on a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, is induced by a change in fatty acid metabolism, but not the facilitation of lipid peroxidation in the cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell. Biol. Lipids 1530:162-171 (2001).

Jung MO, Yoon SH, Jung MY. Effects of temperature and agitation rate on the formation of conjugated linoleic acids in soybean oil during hydrogenation process. J. Agr. Food Chem. 49:3010-3016 (2001).

Khosla P, Fungwe TV. Conjugated linoleic acid: effects on plasma lipids and cardiovascular function. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 12:31-34 (2001).

Kim IH, Yoon CS, Lee KW. Transesterification of conjugated linoleic acid and tricaprylin by lipases in organic solvents. Food Res. Int. 34:301-306 (2001).

Kim IH, Yoon CS, Cho SH, Lee KW, Chung SH, Tae BS. Lipase-catalyzed incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid into tricaprylin. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:547-551 (2001).

Kritchevsky D, Czarnecki SK. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in health and disease. Chim. Oggi (Chemistry Today) 19(6):26-28 (2001).

Laborde FL, Mandell IB, Tosh JJ, Wilton JW, Buchanan-Smith JG. Breed effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, and palatability attributes in finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 79:355-365 (2001).

Larock RC, Dong XY, Chung S, Reddy CK, Ehlers LE. Preparation of conjugated soybean oil and other natural oils and fatty acids by homogeneous transition metal catalysis. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:447-453 (2001).

Lawson RE, Moss AR, Givens DI. The role of dairy products in supplying conjugated linoleic acid to man's diet: a review. Nutr. Res. Rev. 14:153-172 (2001).

Lin YG, Kreeft A, Schuurbiers JAE, Draijer R. Different effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J. Nutr. Biochem. 12:183-189 (2001).

Loreau O, Maret A, Chardigny JM, Sebedio JL, Noel JP. Sequential substitution of 1,2-dichloro-ethene: a convenient stereoselective route to (9Z,11E)-, (10E,12Z)- and (10Z,12Z)-[1-C-14] conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Chem. Phys. Lipids 110:57-67 (2001).

Majumder B, Moir S, Wahle KJ, Heys SD. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid on the expression of key genes involved in the apoptotic pathway. Brit. J. Surg. 88:7-7 (Suppl. 1) (2001).

McCarty MF. The chlorophyll metabolite phytanic acid is a natural rexinoid - potential for treatment and prevention of diabetes. Med. Hypotheses 56:217-219 (2001).

Miner JL, Cederberg CA, Nielsen MK, Chen XL, Baile CA. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), body fat, and apoptosis. Obesity Res. 9:129-134 (2001).

Mohan IK, Das UN. Prevention of chemically induced diabetes mellitus in experimental animals by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutrition 17:126-151 (2001).

Moloney AP, Mooney MT, Kerry JP, Troy DJ. Producing tender and flavoursome beef with enhanced nutritional characteristics. P. Nutr. Soc. 60:221-229 (2001).

Ogawa J, Matsumura K, Kishino S, Omura Y, Shimizu S. Conjugated linoleic acid accumulation via 10-hydroxy-12 octadecaenoic acid during microaerobic transformation of linoleic acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1246-1252 (2001).

Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME. The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Prog. Lipid Res. 40:283-298 (2001).

Park Y, Albright KJ, Cai ZY, Pariza MW. Comparison of methylation procedures for conjugated linoleic acid and artifact formation by commercial (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49:1158-1164 (2001).

Pighetti GM, Novosad W, Nicholson C, Hitt DC, Hansens C, Hollingsworth AB, Lerner ML, Brackett D, Lightfoot SA, Gimble JM. Therapeutic treatment of DMBA-induced mammary tumors with PPAR ligands. Anticancer Res. 21825-829 (2001).

Precht D, Molkentin J, McGuire MA, McGuire MK, Jensen RG. Overestimates of oleic and linoleic acid contents in materials containing trans fatty acids and analyzed with short packed gas chromatographic columns. Lipids 36:213-216 (2001).

Rahman SM, Wang YM, Yotsumoto H, Cha JY, Han SY, Inoue S, Yanagita T. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on serum leptin concentration, body-fat accumulation, and beta-oxidation of fatty acid in OLETF rats. Nutrition 17:385-390 (2001).

Richter WO. Applications of fatty acid derivatives and antioxidants in dietary lipids. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:42-45 (2001).

Rickert R, Steinhart H. Significance, analysis and occurrence of conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA) in foods. Ernahrungs-Umschau 48:4-+ (2001).

Ritzenthaler KL, McGuire MK, Falen R, Shultz TD, Dasgupta N, McGuire MA. Estimation of conjugated linoleic acid intake by written dietary assessment methodologies underestimates actual intake evaluated by food duplicate methodology. J. Nutr. 131:1548-1554 (2001).

Roche HM, Terres AM, Black IB, Gibney MJ, Kelleher D. Fatty acids and epithelial permeability: effect of conjugated linoleic acid in Caco-2 cells. Gut 48:797-802 (2001).

Roche HM, Noone E, Nugent A, Gibney MJ. Conjugated linoleic acid: a novel therapeutic nutrient Nutr. Res. Rev. 14:173-187 (2001).

Ryder JW, Portocarrero CP, Song XM, Cui L, Yu M, Combatsiaris T, Galuska D, Bauman DE, Barbano DM, Charron MJ, Zierath JR, Houseknecht KL. Isomer-specific antidiabetic properties of conjugated linoleic acid - Improved glucose tolerance, skeletal muscle insulin action, and UCP-2 gene expression. Diabetes 50:1149-1157 (2001).

Samuelson G, Bratteby LE, Mohsen R, Vessby B. Dietary fat intake in healthy adolescents: inverse relationships between the estimated intake of saturated fatty acids and serum cholesterol. Br. J. Nutr. 85:333-341 (2001).

Sell JL, Jin S, Jeffrey M. Metabolizable energy value of conjugated linoleic acid for broiler chicks and laying hens. Poultry Sci. 80:209-214 (2001).

Sisk MB, Hausman DB, Martin RJ, Azain MJ. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces adiposity in lean but not obese Zucker rats. J. Nutr. 131:1668-1674 (2001).

Strzetelski J, Kowalczyk J, Osiegowski S, Stasiniewicz T, Lipiarska E, Pustkowiak H. Fattening bulls on maize silage and concentrate supplemented with vegetable oils. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 10:259-271 (2001).

Suresh Y, Das UN. Protective action of arachidonic acid against alloxan induced cytotoxicity and diabetes mellitus. Prostag. Leukotr. Essential Fatty Acids 64:37-52 (2001).

Suzuki R, Noguchi R, Ota T, Abe M, Miyashita K, Kawada T. Cytotoxic effect of conjugated trienoic fatty acids on mouse tumor and human monocytic leukemia cells. Lipids 36:477-482 (2001).

Szymczyk B, Pisulewski P, Szczurek W, Hanczakowski P. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and subsequent carcass quality in broiler chickens. Brit. J. Nutr. 85:465-473 (2001).

Turnock L, Cook M, Steinberg H, Czuprynski C. Dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid does not alter the resistance of mice to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Lipids 36:135-138 (2001).

Watkins BA, Lippman HE, Le Bouteiller L, Li Y, Seifert MF. Bioactive fatty acids: role in bone biology and bone cell function. Prog. Lipid Res. 40(1-2):125-148 (2001).

Wettstein HR, Scheeder MRL, Sutter F, Kreuzer M. Effect of lecithins partly replacing rumen-protected fat on fatty acid digestion and composition of cow milk. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:12-22 (2001).

Whigham LD, Cook EB, Stahl JL, Saban R, Bjorling DE, Pariza MW, Cook ME. CLA reduces antigen-induced histamine and PGE(2) release from sensitized guinea pig tracheae. Am. J. Physiol. Reg. 280:R908-R912 (2001).

Zhang D, Liang X, He XY, Alipui OD, Yang SY, Schulz H. delta3,5,delta2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase is a multifunctional isomerase. A structural and mechanistic study. J. Biol. Chem. 276:13622-13627 (2001).