The FDA has approved Januvia, the first drug in a new class of diabetes medications.
An FDA official stated that it would provide "an important alternative" to current treatments for type 2 diabetes. A second drug of the same type, Galvus, is in the final stages of FDA review.
Januvia and Galvus work by enhancing natural body processes that keeps blood glucose at a safe level. The drugs block the action of an enzyme called dipeptidyl peptidase 4, or DPP-4. DPP-4 inactivates the hormones that stimulate the production of insulin.
Because the drugs functions only when blood sugar levels rise, it does not appear to cause the plunges in blood sugar associated with other diabetes treatments such as insulin.
Januvia was clinically tested on over 2,700 patients in studies lasting from 12 weeks to over a year. Side effects included respiratory infection, sore throat and diarrhea.