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America’s drug industry, which pulls in billions of
dollars in profits, is likely to face political attacks similar
to those waged against tobacco and big banking, according
to analysts.
Tactics similar to those used in the past to fight against
the tobacco industry and investment banking, such as targeting
the harmful effects of smoking or sales and marketing techniques,
are now being used in a campaign against the pharmaceutical
giants.
Two states, Connecticut and New York, are already filing
lawsuits against drug companies on the grounds of their sales
and marketing practices. Another hot topic in the campaign
involves drug pricing.
America spends more money on drugs ($149 billion in the year
to February, according to a research firm) than Britain, Canada,
France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Spain combined. While Americans
do consume more drugs than these other countries, drug prices
in America are also much higher. Canadian, European and Japanese
governments set limits on drug prices, while in America the
market has more freedom to set prices.
Americans often take the brunt of these expensive drug prices
directly. Private health insurers are continually introducing
higher co-pays in order to switch costs to consumers, fewer
employers are offering prescription-drug benefits to retirees,
and those without insurance are faced with particularly high
drug prices.
Meanwhile, through the Internet Americans are realizing that
their drug prices are much higher than those in other countries,
and some have turned to Canadian Internet pharmacies as a
way to get less expensive drugs.
As the drug industry attempts to justify their high prices,
several states are looking for ways to lower the prices. For
example, Michigan is using an "approved-drug list"
as a way to harness discounted prices. The state reportedly
saved $45 million on drugs in 2002 by requiring drug companies
to discount drugs from the "average wholesale price"
in order to be included on the list.
Drug companies maintain that America’s free market in
regard to drug pricing makes the companies more likely to
spend R&D money, and that the states’ efforts to
lower prices is potentially harming research and new drug
development.
Another widespread perception is that drug companies bribe
doctors with free or cheap drugs and spend billions on advertising
in order to convince consumers to embrace their expensive
and sometimes unnecessary treatments.
But, more and more consumers are starting to see drug companies
as firms out to profit from the public. While drug companies
are spending the same amount on marketing today as they did
in 1997, spending on direct-to-consumer advertising has increased
from $1.1 billion in 1997 to $3 billion in 2001.
Nonetheless, the drug industry argues that drugs lower health
care costs overall by reducing the need for more costly treatments
such as surgery. However, whether consumers and politicians
will continue to accept this argument remains to be seen.
Economist
April 24, 2003
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